By Tess Stynes 

Monsanto Co. said its earnings fell 15% in the February quarter as sales weakened, farmers planted fewer acres and a stronger U.S. dollar pressured results.

The world's biggest seed company by sales has faced challenges from farmers tightening their belts amid a steep decline in crop prices.

For the year ending August, Monsanto said its per-share profit guidance currently is trending at the lower end of its previous estimate of $5.75 to $6, thanks to a decline in corn plantings and a strengthening dollar.

The St. Louis-based company also has been contending with consumer criticism of biotech foods and has been rebutting a World Health Organization agency's classification of its trademark weed killer as a potential carcinogen.

In the latest quarter, corn seed and trait sales fell 15% to $2.91 billion. In a news release Wednesday, Monsanto said it remains on track to hold or grow its branded corn-share footprint in every major market despite the decline in acres of corn being planted.

Soybean seed and traits sales remained a bright spot, increasing 7.7% to $883 million.

Sales in the agricultural productivity business, which consists of crop-protection products and herbicides, fell 14% to $1.02 billion.

In all, Monsanto reported a profit for the quarter ended Feb. 28 of $1.43 billion, or $2.92 a share, down from $1.67 billion, or $3.15 a share, a year earlier. Excluding items, the per-share profit was $2.90, within the company's forecast for a decline between 5% and 10%. Analysts had projected $2.93 a share.

Revenue decreased 11% to roughly $5.2 billion, below analysts' expectations of $5.58 billion.

Write to Tess Stynes at tess.stynes@wsj.com

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